Sources
Unproductive Administrative Costs
- https://revcycleintelligence.com/news/financial-challenges-for-health-systems-will-likely-persist-in-2023
- https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/financial-management/index.html
- https://www.thenationalcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/ES-MedicaidAdministrativeCosts-121305.pdf
- https://www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/scorecard/how-states-deliver-care-medicaid/index.html
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25540104/
- https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31905376/
- https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/journal-article/2014/sep/comparison-hospital-administrative-costs-eight-nations-us
- https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa022033
- https://www.aha.org/system/files/media/file/2020/09/fact-sheet-billing-explained-0820.pdf
- https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/16/upshot/costs-health-care-us.html
- https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/15/upshot/overall-health-spending-record-2020.html
- https://www.americanprogress.org/article/excess-administrative-costs-burden-u-s-health-care-system/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2690367/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5394555/
- https://www.kff.org/health-costs/state-indicator/avg-annual-growth/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
- https://www.kff.org/interactive/health-spending-explorer/
- http://www.truthsabouthealthcare.com/costs/why-the-united-states-health-care-system-costs-so-much-part-six-administrative-costs/
- http://www.truthsabouthealthcare.com/category/costs/
- https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2018/07/23/administrative-costs
- https://www.advisory.com/Daily-Briefing/2022/08/09/health-care-inflation
- https://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2011/03/24/the-incredible-and-wasteful-complexity-of-the-us-healthcare-system/
- https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/779180
- https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20200218.375060/full/
- https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M17-0302
Systematic Overutilization
- https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20140425.038647
- https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.0385
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8903118/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5587107/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9492337/
- https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/journal-article/2017/feb/combating-overuse-and-underuse-health-care
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2779118
- https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-019-4079-0
- https://qualitysafety.bmj.com/content/31/1/54
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5511697/
- https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/journal-article/2017/feb/combating-overuse-and-underuse-healt
- care#:~:text=The%20overuse%20of%20health%20care%20services%20shown%20to,the%20United%20States%2C%20amounting%20to%20%24780%20billion%20annually.
- https://www.bing.com/search?FORM=BGASDF&PC=U603&q=costs+of+overutilization+in+healthare+in+the+United+States
- https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Medicare-Learning-Network-MLN/MLNProducts/Downloads/Fraud-Abuse-MLN4649244.pdf
Foregone Revenue from Tax Exemption for Employer Sponsored health Insurance
- https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56571
- https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57962
- https://www.cbo.gov/publication/55085
- https://www.ebri.org/content/what-does-the-future-hold-for-the-employment-based-health-benefits-system
- https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53826
- https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57962
- https://www.cbo.gov/budget-options/2016/52246
- https://www.cato.org/policy-analysis/end-tax-exclusion-employer-sponsored-health-insurance-return-1-trillion-workers-who
Insurance Companies And Other Middlemen
Pharmacy Benefit Managers/Pharmaceutical Costs
- https://www.thinkbrg.com/media/publication/863_Vandervelde_PhRMA-January-2017_WEB-FINAL.pdf
- https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/explainer/2019/apr/pharmacy-benefit-managers-and-their-role-drug-spending
- https://mn.gov/commerce-stat/pdfs/pbr-pre-hearing-rule-comments.pdf
- https://www.levernews.com/cheat-sheet-health-cares-secret-middleman/
- https://www.medicaid.gov/state-overviews/scorecard/how-states-deliver-care-medicaid/index.html
- https://agentsync.io/blog/health-insurance/the-history-of-health-insurance-past-present-and-future
- https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet
- https://familydoctor.org/health-insurance-understanding-covers/
International Comparisons
- https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2021/aug/mirror-mirror-2021-reflecting-poorly
- https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/fund-reports/2017/jul/mirror-mirror-2017-international-comparison-reflects-flaws-and
- https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-24/spain-tops-italy-as-world-s-healthiest-nation-while-u-s-slips#xj4y7vzkg
- https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/healthiest-countries
- https://thepatientfactor.com/world-health-organizations-ranking-of-the-worlds-health-systems/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857204/
- https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/quality-u-s-healthcare-system-compare-countries/
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5986687/
Exogenous Factors
- https://www.advisory.com/Daily-Briefing/2022/04/06/health-care-spending
- https://www.reviveagency.com/blog/aging-population-is-impacting-healthcare-in-the-united-states/
- About Chronic Dis eases | CDC
- Health and Economic Costs of Chronic Diseases | CDC
- The Rising Cost of Living Longer: Analysis of Medicare Spending by Age for Beneficiaries in Traditional Medicare | KFF
- Biden unveils new Medicare plan as part of broader budget rollout - ABC News (go.com)
- https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet
- https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet
- https://www.cbsnews.com/news/medicare-part-a-depletion-date-2028/
- https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/faqs-on-medicare-financing-and-trust-fund-solvency/
- https://pnhp.org/what-is-single-payer/senate-bill/
- https://www.statista.com/statistics/203247/shares-of-household-income-of-quintiles-in-the-us/
- https://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/about-the-aca/index.html
Other Relevant Sources
- https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/nhe-fact-sheet
- https://www.cbsnews.com/news/medicare-part-a-depletion-date-2028/
- https://www.kff.org/medicare/issue-brief/faqs-on-medicare-financing-and-trust-fund-solvency/
- https://pnhp.org/what-is-single-payer/senate-bill/
- https://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2012/06/26/innovation-is-key-to-controlling-health-care-costs/
- https://www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-active-physicians/?currentTimeframe=0&selectedDistributions=primary-care-physicians--specialist-physicians--total&selectedRows=%7B%22wrapups%22:%7B%22united-states%22:%7B%7D%7D%7D&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
- https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20200410.281882
- https://data.dartmouthatlas.org/downloads/reports/agenda_for_change.pdf
- https://www.cms.gov/icd10m/version37-fullcode-cms/fullcode_cms/Design_and_development_of_the_Diagnosis_Related_Group_(DRGs).pdf
- https://www.verywellhealth.com/drg-101-what-is-a-drg-how-does-it-work-3916755
- https://www.cms.gov/medicare/medicare-fee-for-service-payment/acuteinpatientpps
- https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-264.html
- https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2022/demo/p60-278.html
- https://www.urban.org/research/publication/understanding-medicare-advantage-payment
- https://www.kff.org/uninsured/issue-brief/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/
- https://lowninstitute.org/new-report-sheds-light-on-hospital-price-variation/
- https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/sites/default/files/nnu/documents/1120_CostChargeRatios_Report_FINAL_PP.pdf
- https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/health/coinsurance-vs-copay